中山合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發(fa)布(bu)日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏(liu)覽次數:34726目前我國生產中山合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使(shi)用(yong)的原料有菱鎂石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采用(yong)的工(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)合(he)成工(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱鎂石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)在較低的溫(wen)度下輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao),生產出(chu)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧化(hua)鎂、輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后(hou)進行配料、磨細、混料、成型,最(zui)后(hou)經(jing)過高溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)出(chu)不同牌號的合(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)。具(ju)體的煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)有半(ban)干法(fa)壓坯、隧道(dao)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干法(fa)壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi);干法(fa)壓球、高溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)和回(hui)轉窯(yao)(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半(ban)干法壓(ya)坯、隧(sui)道窯煅燒工藝該煅燒工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干(gan)法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒(shao)工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)是(shi)以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)為原料(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)分(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量后按(an)比例(li)加入(ru)(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再加水混合,混好的(de)(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)在雙輥壓球(qiu)機上(shang)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝入(ru)(ru)以焦炭(tan)或無煙煤為燃料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)方式(shi)是(shi)焦炭(tan)或無煙煤和(he)料(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)層裝入(ru)(ru)。我(wo)國(guo)遼寧省生產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業中(zhong),大部分(fen)采用該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)規格一般為3m×16m。該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝簡單,產(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)球(qiu)和(he)焦炭(tan)混在一起,焦炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)灰分(fen)有一部分(fen)混入(ru)(ru)到(dao)料(liao)球(qiu)中(zhong),增加了產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)雜質含量。
3、干(gan)法(fa)壓球、燃油豎窯(yao)煅(duan)燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)(yong)于生產(chan)高(gao)純度(du)(du)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)。將(jiang)高(gao)純度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石配料(liao)、混(hun)合磨細(xi)后,直(zhi)接(jie)將(jiang)干粉料(liao)送入(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)壓(ya)球機(ji)中(zhong)干壓(ya)成(cheng)球,然后再送入(ru)高(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)是燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)油噴入(ru)到料(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao),可達到1800℃以(yi)上;燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)生灰分,對物料(liao)的(de)純度(du)(du)沒有影響。目前,國(guo)內(nei)采用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂(sha)的(de)企業,只有南方一家公司(si)。該(gai)公司(si)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油豎窯(yao)的(de)規格(ge)為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)襯用(yong)(yong)高(gao)純度(du)(du)堿性耐火制品(pin)砌筑,厚(hou)度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)作(zuo)襯于窯(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之間用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質(zhi)保溫(wen)磚砌筑。以(yi)重(zhong)柴油為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布置(zhi),間距900mm。每(mei)排設(she)計(ji)(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均布。采用(yong)(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每(mei)支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一臺計(ji)(ji)量泵供(gong)油,一次(ci)空氣(qi)由羅茨風機(ji)供(gong)應。實際生產(chan)中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續裝窯(yao)和出窯(yao),全部自動化控(kong)制,生產(chan)能力。
4、干法壓球、回(hui)轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。