河池合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽(lan)次數:36050目前我國生產河池合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的原料有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)石(shi)灰石(shi)。所(suo)采用的工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為(wei)二步煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入(ru)工(gong)合成工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即先將菱鎂(mei)石(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)石(shi)灰石(shi)在較低的溫(wen)度下輕燒(shao)(shao),生產出輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)、輕燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)生石(shi)灰。然后進行配料、磨細、混料、成型,最(zui)后經過高溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的合成鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)。具體的煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半干法壓球、焦(jiao)炭豎窯煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干法壓球、高溫(wen)燃油豎窯和(he)回轉(zhuan)窯煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干法壓(ya)坯(pi)、隧(sui)道窯煅燒工藝(yi)該煅燒工藝(yi)
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒(shao)工藝
該煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)(gai)砂是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂分(fen)別磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量后按比例加入(ru)(ru)輪碾機(ji)中再加水混合,混好的(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙輥壓球(qiu)機(ji)上壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)以焦炭或(huo)無煙煤(mei)為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方式是焦炭或(huo)無煙煤(mei)和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)層(ceng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)。我國遼寧省(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)(gai)砂的(de)企業中,大部分(fen)采用該煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝。所用豎窯的(de)規格一(yi)般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝簡(jian)單,產(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)過程中料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)和焦炭混在一(yi)起,焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)灰(hui)分(fen)有一(yi)部分(fen)混入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)中,增加了產(chan)品的(de)雜質含量。
3、干(gan)法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產高(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂。將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)(liao)、混(hun)合(he)磨細后(hou)(hou),直接將(jiang)干(gan)粉(fen)料(liao)(liao)送(song)入高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)壓(ya)球(qiu)機中干(gan)壓(ya)成球(qiu),然后(hou)(hou)再(zai)送(song)入高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。這種(zhong)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)油噴(pen)入到料(liao)(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao),可達(da)到1800℃以上;燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)后(hou)(hou)不(bu)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)(liao)的(de)純度(du)(du)沒有影響。目(mu)前,國(guo)內(nei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂的(de)企業(ye),只有南方一(yi)(yi)家公(gong)司。該(gai)公(gong)司燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)的(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)(chen)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)堿性耐(nai)火(huo)制(zhi)品(pin)砌(qi)筑,厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)(chen)于窯(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保溫(wen)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑。以重(zhong)柴油為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布(bu)置,間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排設(she)計16支燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿(yan)圓周均布(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無冷(leng)卻(que)燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每(mei)支燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一(yi)(yi)臺計量泵供油,一(yi)(yi)次(ci)空氣由羅茨風(feng)機供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連(lian)續裝窯(yao)和出(chu)窯(yao),全部自動(dong)化控制(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產能力。
4、干法(fa)壓球、回轉(zhuan)窯煅燒工(gong)藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。