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湘潭合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數:36093

目前我國生產湘潭合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用的(de)原料(liao)有菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。所采(cai)用的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)在(zai)較低的(de)溫(wen)度下輕燒(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)和生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰。然后進(jin)行(xing)配料(liao)、磨細(xi)、混(hun)料(liao)、成型,最后經過高溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出(chu)不同牌號的(de)合(he)成鎂鈣砂。具體的(de)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半(ban)干法壓(ya)坯、隧(sui)道窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干法壓(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法壓(ya)球、高溫(wen)燃油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)和回轉窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

湘潭合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)該(gai)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅燒工藝

該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂是以輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)為原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)。將輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)分(fen)(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉(fen),計(ji)量后按(an)比例加(jia)入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再(zai)加(jia)水混合,混好(hao)的(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙(shuang)輥(gun)壓球機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球,干燥后裝(zhuang)入(ru)以焦炭或(huo)無煙煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎窯內(nei)煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方式是焦炭或(huo)無煙煤和料(liao)(liao)球分(fen)(fen)層裝(zhuang)入(ru)。我國遼(liao)寧(ning)省生產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂的(de)企業(ye)中(zhong),大部分(fen)(fen)采用該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所(suo)用豎窯的(de)規格一(yi)般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單,產品成(cheng)(cheng)本低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)過(guo)程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球和焦炭混在一(yi)起,焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)產生的(de)灰分(fen)(fen)有一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)混入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球中(zhong),增加(jia)了產品的(de)雜質含(han)量。

3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)

該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝用(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)合(he)(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。將高(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石配料、混合(he)(he)磨細(xi)后(hou),直接將干粉料送入高(gao)(gao)壓壓球機(ji)中(zhong)干壓成球,然后(hou)再送入高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝的(de)(de)優(you)勢是燃(ran)(ran)料油噴入到(dao)料層內,在料層內部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao),可達到(dao)1800℃以(yi)上;燃(ran)(ran)料燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對(dui)物料的(de)(de)純度(du)(du)沒(mei)有(you)(you)影響。目(mu)前,國內采用(yong)該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂的(de)(de)企業(ye),只有(you)(you)南方一(yi)家公(gong)司。該公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)規(gui)格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工作襯(chen)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)純度(du)(du)堿性耐火(huo)制(zhi)品砌(qi)(qi)筑,厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工作襯(chen)于窯(yao)(yao)體(ti)鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)輕(qing)(qing)質保(bao)溫(wen)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)筑。以(yi)重柴油為燃(ran)(ran)料,煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排燒(shao)(shao)嘴,上下布(bu)置,間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排設(she)計16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布(bu)。采用(yong)無冷(leng)卻燒(shao)(shao)嘴,每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)嘴配一(yi)臺(tai)計量泵供油,一(yi)次(ci)空氣(qi)由羅茨(ci)風機(ji)供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)使用(yong)一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)嘴。連(lian)續(xu)裝窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全(quan)部自(zi)動化控制(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力。

4、干法壓球、回(hui)轉窯煅燒(shao)工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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