丹東合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽(lan)次數:34686目前我國生產丹東合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的(de)原料有(you)菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)灰石(shi)。所(suo)采用的(de)工(gong)藝為二(er)步煅燒(shao)、入工(gong)合成工(gong)藝。即先(xian)將菱鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)灰石(shi)在較(jiao)低(di)的(de)溫(wen)度下輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao),生產出輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)、輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)和(he)(he)生石(shi)灰。然后(hou)進行配料、磨細、混料、成型,最后(hou)經過高(gao)溫(wen)煅燒(shao),煅燒(shao)出不同牌號的(de)合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體(ti)的(de)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝有(you)半(ban)干法壓(ya)坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝;半(ban)干法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝;干法壓(ya)球、高(gao)溫(wen)燃油豎窯和(he)(he)回轉窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝。
1、半干法壓坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)煅燒工(gong)藝該(gai)煅燒工(gong)藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭(tan)豎(shu)窯煅燒工(gong)藝
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂是以輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)為原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。將輕燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)分別磨成細粉,計量后按比例加入(ru)(ru)輪(lun)碾機中(zhong)再(zai)加水混(hun)合,混(hun)好的(de)(de)合成料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球機上壓成料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球,干(gan)燥后裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)以焦(jiao)炭或無(wu)煙(yan)煤為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)豎(shu)(shu)窯內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方式是焦(jiao)炭或無(wu)煙(yan)煤和料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球分層裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)。我(wo)國遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)合成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂的(de)(de)企(qi)業中(zhong),大部分采用該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎(shu)(shu)窯的(de)(de)規格(ge)一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝簡單,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)成本低,但在(zai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球和焦(jiao)炭混(hun)在(zai)一起,焦(jiao)炭燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)灰分有一部分混(hun)入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)球中(zhong),增加了產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)雜質(zhi)含(han)量。
3、干法(fa)壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生產(chan)高純(chun)度合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)。將高純(chun)度輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石配料(liao)(liao)、混合磨細后(hou),直接將干(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)送入高壓壓球機(ji)中(zhong)干(gan)壓成(cheng)球,然后(hou)再送入高溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)油噴入到料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內,在(zai)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內部燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度高,可達到1800℃以上;燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)生灰(hui)分,對(dui)物料(liao)(liao)的(de)純(chun)度沒有影響。目前(qian),國內采用(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝生產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)企業(ye),只有南方一家公司。該(gai)公司燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)的(de)規(gui)格為(wei)(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)用(yong)(yong)高純(chun)度堿性(xing)耐火制(zhi)品砌(qi)筑,厚度為(wei)(wei)350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)于(yu)窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之間用(yong)(yong)輕質保(bao)溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑。以重柴油為(wei)(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度>1800℃。設計4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下(xia)布置,間距900mm。每排(pai)設計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周均布。采用(yong)(yong)無冷卻(que)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一臺計量泵供油,一次空氣由(you)羅茨風(feng)機(ji)供應。實際生產(chan)中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)一排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續(xu)裝窯(yao)(yao)和出(chu)窯(yao)(yao),全部自動化控制(zhi),生產(chan)能力。
4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。