沈陽合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布(bu)日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽(lan)次數(shu):34683目前我國生產沈陽合成鎂鈣砂所使用的原料有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將(jiang)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低(di)的溫(wen)度下(xia)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然(ran)后(hou)進(jin)行配料、磨細、混(hun)料、成(cheng)型,最后(hou)經過高(gao)溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不同(tong)牌號(hao)的合成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。具體的煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半干法(fa)(fa)壓坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半干法(fa)(fa)壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法(fa)(fa)壓球、高(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯和(he)回轉窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法(fa)壓坯(pi)、隧道窯煅(duan)燒工藝該煅(duan)燒工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干(gan)法(fa)壓球、焦(jiao)炭(tan)豎窯煅(duan)燒工(gong)藝
該煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂是以輕燒(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)氧化鎂為原料(liao)。將輕燒(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石和輕燒(shao)氧化鎂分(fen)別磨成(cheng)細(xi)粉,計量后按比例(li)加(jia)(jia)入(ru)輪(lun)碾機中再加(jia)(jia)水(shui)混(hun)合(he),混(hun)好的(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)料(liao)在雙(shuang)輥(gun)壓(ya)球(qiu)機上壓(ya)成(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝(zhuang)入(ru)以焦炭(tan)或(huo)(huo)無煙煤為燃料(liao)的(de)(de)豎窯內煅燒(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)方式是焦炭(tan)或(huo)(huo)無煙煤和料(liao)球(qiu)分(fen)層裝(zhuang)入(ru)。我國遼(liao)寧省生產(chan)(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂的(de)(de)企業中,大部分(fen)采用該煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝。所用豎窯的(de)(de)規格一(yi)(yi)般為3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)本低,但在煅燒(shao)過程中料(liao)球(qiu)和焦炭(tan)混(hun)在一(yi)(yi)起,焦炭(tan)燃燒(shao)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)灰(hui)分(fen)有一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)混(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)球(qiu)中,增加(jia)(jia)了(le)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)雜質含量。
3、干(gan)法壓(ya)球、燃(ran)油豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝用于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產高純(chun)度(du)(du)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂。將高純(chun)度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒氧化(hua)鎂和(he)(he)輕(qing)燒白(bai)云石配料(liao)、混合磨(mo)細后(hou),直接(jie)將干(gan)粉料(liao)送入(ru)(ru)高壓(ya)壓(ya)球機中干(gan)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)球,然后(hou)再送入(ru)(ru)高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒。這(zhe)種煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)油(you)(you)噴入(ru)(ru)到(dao)料(liao)層內(nei),在(zai)料(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)燒,煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒溫(wen)度(du)(du)高,可達(da)到(dao)1800℃以(yi)上;燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒后(hou)不產生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)的(de)(de)純(chun)度(du)(du)沒有影響。目前,國(guo)內(nei)采(cai)用該煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂的(de)(de)企(qi)業,只有南(nan)方一(yi)(yi)家公司。該公司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯(chen)用高純(chun)度(du)(du)堿(jian)性耐火制品(pin)砌(qi)筑(zhu),厚(hou)度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯(chen)于(yu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之(zhi)間(jian)用輕(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑(zhu)。以(yi)重(zhong)柴(chai)油(you)(you)為燃(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排(pai)燒嘴(zui),上下布(bu)置,間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排(pai)設(she)計(ji)16支燒嘴(zui),沿圓周均布(bu)。采(cai)用無冷卻燒嘴(zui),每(mei)支燒嘴(zui)配一(yi)(yi)臺計(ji)量泵供油(you)(you),一(yi)(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產中使(shi)用一(yi)(yi)排(pai)燒嘴(zui)。連(lian)續裝窯(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)出(chu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao),全部自(zi)動化(hua)控(kong)制,生(sheng)(sheng)產能力。
4、干法壓球、回轉窯(yao)煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。