紅河合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數:35971目前我國生產紅河合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的(de)原(yuan)料(liao)有菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用(yong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為(wei)二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即(ji)先將(jiang)菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在較(jiao)低的(de)溫(wen)度下輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),生產(chan)出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進(jin)行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型(xing),最后(hou)經(jing)過(guo)高(gao)溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不同牌號的(de)合成鎂鈣砂。具體(ti)的(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有半(ban)干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半(ban)干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干法壓球(qiu)、高(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯和回轉(zhuan)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干法壓(ya)坯、隧(sui)道(dao)窯煅燒工藝該煅燒工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)是以(yi)(yi)輕燒(shao)白云石(shi)和輕燒(shao)氧化鎂為原料(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕燒(shao)白云石(shi)和輕燒(shao)氧化鎂分別磨(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉(fen),計量(liang)后按比例加(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)輪(lun)碾(nian)機(ji)中(zhong)再加(jia)(jia)水混(hun)(hun)合,混(hun)(hun)好的(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙輥壓球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)機(ji)上(shang)壓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),干燥后裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)以(yi)(yi)焦(jiao)炭(tan)或(huo)無(wu)煙煤(mei)(mei)為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)豎(shu)(shu)窯內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方(fang)式是焦(jiao)炭(tan)或(huo)無(wu)煙煤(mei)(mei)和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)分層裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)。我國(guo)遼寧省生產(chan)合成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)的(de)(de)企(qi)業中(zhong),大部分采用該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所用豎(shu)(shu)窯的(de)(de)規格一般為3m×16m。該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單,產(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低(di),但在煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)和焦(jiao)炭(tan)混(hun)(hun)在一起,焦(jiao)炭(tan)燃燒(shao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)灰分有(you)一部分混(hun)(hun)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong),增加(jia)(jia)了產(chan)品的(de)(de)雜質含量(liang)。
3、干法(fa)壓球、燃油(you)豎(shu)窯煅燒工(gong)藝
該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)用于生(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)合(he)(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂。將(jiang)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石配(pei)料(liao)、混(hun)合(he)(he)磨細(xi)后,直(zhi)接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)送入高(gao)壓壓球機中(zhong)(zhong)干壓成球,然后再送入高(gao)溫燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)噴入到料(liao)層內(nei)(nei),在料(liao)層內(nei)(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)高(gao),可(ke)達到1800℃以(yi)上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)生(sheng)灰分,對(dui)物(wu)料(liao)的純(chun)度(du)沒(mei)有(you)影響。目前,國內(nei)(nei)采用該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂的企(qi)業,只有(you)南方(fang)一家公(gong)司。該(gai)公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的規格(ge)為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯用高(gao)純(chun)度(du)堿性耐火制品砌筑(zhu),厚度(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯于窯(yao)(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之(zhi)間用輕質保溫磚砌筑(zhu)。以(yi)重柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)為燃(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,上(shang)下布置,間距900mm。每(mei)排(pai)設(she)計(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布。采用無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴配(pei)一臺計(ji)量泵供油(you)(you)(you)(you),一次(ci)空(kong)氣由羅茨(ci)風機供應。實際生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)使用一排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao)(yao),全部自動化(hua)控制,生(sheng)產(chan)能力。
4、干(gan)法壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。