目前我國生產唐山合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的原料有(you)菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采(cai)用的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步(bu)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的溫度下輕燒(shao)，生產出輕燒(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進行(xing)配料、磨細(xi)、混料、成(cheng)型，最后(hou)經過高溫煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)，煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)出不同牌號的合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂。具體(ti)的煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有(you)半干法壓(ya)坯(pi)、隧(sui)道窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)；半干法壓(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)；干法壓(ya)球(qiu)、高溫燃(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)和(he)回(hui)轉(zhuan)窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

1、半干(gan)法壓(ya)坯、隧(sui)道窯煅(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)藝該(gai)煅(duan)燒工(gong)(gong)藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰，然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料，經過攪拌混合，入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化，再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料，在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯，經過干燥，裝于隧道窯車上，推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m，共52個車位，以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料，設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴，煅燒溫度1620~1650℃，年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻，保溫時間長，物料達到充分燒結。因此，可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦炭(tan)豎(shu)窯煅燒工藝

該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂是(shi)(shi)以輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)為原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石和輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)分別磨成細粉，計量(liang)后(hou)按比例加入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再(zai)加水(shui)混(hun)合，混(hun)好的(de)合成料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球(qiu)機上壓成料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)，干燥后(hou)裝入(ru)以焦炭或無(wu)煙煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎(shu)窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)方式(shi)是(shi)(shi)焦炭或無(wu)煙煤和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)分層裝入(ru)。我國遼寧(ning)省(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合成鎂(mei)鈣砂的(de)企業中(zhong)，大部(bu)分采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝。所用(yong)(yong)豎(shu)窯的(de)規格一(yi)般為3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝簡單(dan)，產(chan)(chan)品成本(ben)低，但在(zai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)和焦炭混(hun)在(zai)一(yi)起，焦炭燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)灰分有一(yi)部(bu)分混(hun)入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)中(zhong)，增加了(le)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)雜質含量(liang)。

3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)

該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)產高純度(du)合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)鈣砂。將高純度(du)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)和(he)輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)配(pei)料、混合磨細(xi)后，直接將干粉料送(song)(song)入高壓(ya)壓(ya)球(qiu)機(ji)中(zhong)干壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)，然后再(zai)送(song)(song)入高溫(wen)燃油(you)(you)豎窯(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)優勢是燃料油(you)(you)噴入到(dao)料層內，在料層內部燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)，煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高，可達到(dao)1800℃以上；燃料燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產生(sheng)灰分，對(dui)物料的(de)(de)純度(du)沒有(you)影響。目前(qian)，國內采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)鈣砂的(de)(de)企業，只(zhi)有(you)南方一(yi)家公司(si)。該(gai)公司(si)燃油(you)(you)豎窯(yao)的(de)(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m，窯(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)(yong)高純度(du)堿性耐火制(zhi)品砌(qi)筑(zhu)，厚度(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯于(yu)窯(yao)體鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輕(qing)(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑(zhu)。以重柴(chai)油(you)(you)為燃料，煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)，上下(xia)布置，間(jian)距(ju)900mm。每(mei)排設計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)，沿圓周(zhou)均布。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)，每(mei)支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配(pei)一(yi)臺計(ji)量泵供(gong)油(you)(you)，一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風(feng)機(ji)供(gong)應。實際生(sheng)產中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)和(he)出窯(yao)，全部自動化控制(zhi)，生(sheng)產能力。

4、干法壓(ya)球、回轉(zhuan)窯煅(duan)燒工藝

目前，國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為：將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后，經過攪拌昆合，磨成細粉，送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球，然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂，以重油作燃料，采用機械霧化燒嘴，窯尾設煙氣換熱器，將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃，煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂，產量2~2.5t/h，油耗300kg/t。