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興安合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日(ri)期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34696

目前我國生產興安合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)原料有菱鎂石(shi)、白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和石(shi)灰石(shi)。所采(cai)用的(de)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)為二(er)步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工合(he)成工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。即先將菱鎂石(shi)、白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和石(shi)灰石(shi)在較低的(de)溫度下輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),生產出(chu)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)石(shi)和生石(shi)灰。然后進行配料、磨細(xi)、混料、成型,最后經過高(gao)溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)出(chu)不(bu)同(tong)牌號(hao)的(de)合(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂。具體的(de)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)有半(ban)干(gan)法壓(ya)(ya)坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi);半(ban)干(gan)法壓(ya)(ya)球、焦炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi);干(gan)法壓(ya)(ya)球、高(gao)溫燃(ran)油豎窯和回轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。

興安合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半(ban)干(gan)法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝

該煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)生產(chan)合(he)(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂(sha)是以輕(qing)(qing)(qing)燒白(bai)云石和輕(qing)(qing)(qing)燒氧化鎂為原料。將輕(qing)(qing)(qing)燒白(bai)云石和輕(qing)(qing)(qing)燒氧化鎂分(fen)(fen)(fen)別磨(mo)成細粉,計量后按比例加入輪碾機(ji)中(zhong)再加水混合(he)(he),混好的合(he)(he)成料在雙(shuang)輥壓球機(ji)上壓成料球,干燥后裝(zhuang)入以焦炭或無(wu)煙(yan)煤(mei)為燃料的豎(shu)窯內煅(duan)燒。裝(zhuang)料方式是焦炭或無(wu)煙(yan)煤(mei)和料球分(fen)(fen)(fen)層裝(zhuang)入。我國遼寧省生產(chan)合(he)(he)成鎂鈣(gai)砂(sha)的企業中(zhong),大部分(fen)(fen)(fen)采用該煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)。所用豎(shu)窯的規(gui)格(ge)一般為3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)簡單(dan),產(chan)品(pin)成本低,但在煅(duan)燒過(guo)程中(zhong)料球和焦炭混在一起,焦炭燃燒產(chan)生的灰分(fen)(fen)(fen)有一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)混入到(dao)料球中(zhong),增加了產(chan)品(pin)的雜質含(han)量。

3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝

該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產高純度(du)(du)合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)。將(jiang)高純度(du)(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合磨細(xi)后,直接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)送(song)(song)入高壓壓球(qiu)機(ji)中(zhong)干壓成(cheng)球(qiu),然后再送(song)(song)入高溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)油(you)噴入到料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高,可(ke)達(da)到1800℃以上;燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對物(wu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的純度(du)(du)沒有影響。目前,國內(nei)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產合成(cheng)鎂鈣砂(sha)的企業,只有南方一(yi)(yi)家公司(si)。該公司(si)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高純度(du)(du)堿性耐火制品砌(qi)筑,厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯于窯(yao)(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之間用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輕質保溫(wen)磚砌(qi)筑。以重柴油(you)為燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下布(bu)置,間距(ju)900mm。每排(pai)設計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周均(jun)布(bu)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配一(yi)(yi)臺計(ji)量泵(beng)供(gong)油(you),一(yi)(yi)次空氣(qi)由羅茨(ci)風(feng)機(ji)供(gong)應。實(shi)際生(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao)(yao),全部自動化(hua)控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產能力。

4、干法(fa)壓球、回(hui)轉窯煅燒(shao)工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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