眉山合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34880目前我國生產眉山合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用(yong)的原料有(you)菱鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用(yong)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)為二步煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合成工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。即先將菱鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的溫度下(xia)輕燒(shao)(shao),生產出輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)。然后進行配料、磨細(xi)、混(hun)料、成型,最(zui)后經過高溫煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的合成鎂鈣(gai)砂。具體的煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有(you)半干(gan)法壓(ya)坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);半干(gan)法壓(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi);干(gan)法壓(ya)球、高溫燃(ran)油豎窯和(he)回(hui)轉(zhuan)窯煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。
1、半干(gan)法壓坯(pi)、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干(gan)法(fa)壓球、焦(jiao)炭(tan)豎窯(yao)煅燒工藝
該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂是以(yi)(yi)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云石和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂為(wei)原(yuan)料。將輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)(bai)云石和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂分別磨成(cheng)細粉,計量后(hou)按比(bi)例加(jia)(jia)入(ru)輪碾(nian)機中(zhong)再(zai)加(jia)(jia)水混合(he),混好的(de)合(he)成(cheng)料在雙輥壓球機上(shang)壓成(cheng)料球,干燥(zao)后(hou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)以(yi)(yi)焦炭(tan)或無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤為(wei)燃(ran)料的(de)豎窯內煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)料方式是焦炭(tan)或無(wu)煙(yan)(yan)煤和料球分層裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)。我國遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂的(de)企(qi)業中(zhong),大部(bu)分采用(yong)該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所(suo)用(yong)豎窯的(de)規(gui)格一般(ban)為(wei)3m×16m。該煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單,產(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)本(ben)低,但在煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)料球和焦炭(tan)混在一起(qi),焦炭(tan)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)灰分有一部(bu)分混入(ru)到料球中(zhong),增加(jia)(jia)了產(chan)品(pin)的(de)雜質含量。
3、干法壓(ya)球(qiu)、燃油豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝
該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產高純(chun)(chun)度合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂。將(jiang)高純(chun)(chun)度輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合磨細(xi)后(hou),直接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)送入高壓(ya)壓(ya)球(qiu)(qiu)機中干壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu)(qiu),然后(hou)再送入高溫燃油(you)(you)豎窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的(de)優(you)勢是(shi)燃料(liao)油(you)(you)噴(pen)入到(dao)(dao)料(liao)層(ceng)內,在料(liao)層(ceng)內部燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度高,可達(da)到(dao)(dao)1800℃以上;燃料(liao)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生(sheng)(sheng)灰(hui)分,對物料(liao)的(de)純(chun)(chun)度沒有影響。目前,國內采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)產合成(cheng)(cheng)鎂鈣砂的(de)企業,只有南方一(yi)家公司。該公司燃油(you)(you)豎窯的(de)規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)用(yong)(yong)高純(chun)(chun)度堿性耐火制品砌筑(zhu)(zhu),厚度為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作(zuo)襯(chen)于窯體鋼殼(ke)之間用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保溫磚(zhuan)砌筑(zhu)(zhu)。以重柴油(you)(you)為(wei)燃料(liao),煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)4排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布置,間距(ju)900mm。每排(pai)(pai)設(she)計(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓(yuan)周均布。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一(yi)臺(tai)計(ji)量泵供油(you)(you),一(yi)次空(kong)氣由(you)羅茨風機供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)產中使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續(xu)裝窯和(he)出窯,全(quan)部自動化(hua)控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產能力(li)。
4、干法(fa)壓球、回轉窯煅燒工(gong)藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。