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自貢合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期(qi):2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34708

目前我國生產自貢合成鎂鈣砂所使用(yong)的(de)(de)原料有菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)。所采用(yong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅燒(shao)(shao)、入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將(jiang)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)在較(jiao)低的(de)(de)溫度下(xia)輕燒(shao)(shao),生產出輕燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)、輕燒(shao)(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石(shi)(shi)和生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后(hou)進(jin)行配料、磨細(xi)、混(hun)料、成型(xing),最(zui)后(hou)經(jing)過高(gao)(gao)溫煅燒(shao)(shao),煅燒(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的(de)(de)合(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂。具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半干法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)坯、隧道窯煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半干法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)球(qiu)、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)球(qiu)、高(gao)(gao)溫燃油(you)豎(shu)窯和回轉窯煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

自貢合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒工藝該煅(duan)燒工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝

該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂是(shi)(shi)以(yi)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)為(wei)(wei)原料(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)(hua)鎂(mei)分(fen)別磨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)細粉,計量(liang)后(hou)按比例加入(ru)輪碾機(ji)中再(zai)加水(shui)混合(he),混好(hao)的合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)在(zai)雙輥(gun)壓(ya)球(qiu)(qiu)機(ji)上壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)球(qiu)(qiu),干燥后(hou)裝入(ru)以(yi)焦(jiao)炭或無煙(yan)煤為(wei)(wei)燃(ran)料(liao)的豎(shu)窯(yao)內(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)方式是(shi)(shi)焦(jiao)炭或無煙(yan)煤和(he)料(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)層(ceng)裝入(ru)。我國(guo)遼寧省生產合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)砂的企業中,大部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)。所用(yong)豎(shu)窯(yao)的規格一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)簡單,產品成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低,但在(zai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中料(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)和(he)焦(jiao)炭混在(zai)一(yi)起,焦(jiao)炭燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產生的灰分(fen)有(you)一(yi)部分(fen)混入(ru)到料(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)中,增加了產品的雜質含(han)量(liang)。

3、干法壓球、燃油豎窯(yao)煅燒工藝(yi)

該(gai)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝用(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產高(gao)(gao)純度(du)合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂。將高(gao)(gao)純度(du)輕燒(shao)氧化鎂和輕燒(shao)白(bai)云(yun)石配料(liao)(liao)、混合(he)磨細后,直接將干(gan)(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)送(song)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)壓(ya)球(qiu)機中干(gan)(gan)壓(ya)成(cheng)球(qiu),然(ran)后再送(song)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)溫燃(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅燒(shao)。這種(zhong)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝的優(you)勢是燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)油(you)噴(pen)入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)(liao)層內(nei)部燃(ran)燒(shao),煅燒(shao)溫度(du)高(gao)(gao),可(ke)達到(dao)1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)后不產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對(dui)物料(liao)(liao)的純度(du)沒有(you)影響。目(mu)前,國(guo)內(nei)采(cai)用(yong)該(gai)煅燒(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣砂的企業,只有(you)南方一(yi)(yi)家公司。該(gai)公司燃(ran)油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的規(gui)格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)的工(gong)作襯(chen)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)純度(du)堿性耐(nai)火制品砌筑,厚度(du)為350mm。工(gong)作襯(chen)于窯(yao)(yao)(yao)體鋼殼(ke)之間(jian)用(yong)輕質保溫磚砌筑。以重柴油(you)為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅燒(shao)溫度(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排燒(shao)嘴,上(shang)下布(bu)置,間(jian)距900mm。每(mei)排設(she)計16支燒(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)無冷(leng)卻(que)燒(shao)嘴,每(mei)支燒(shao)嘴配一(yi)(yi)臺計量泵(beng)供油(you),一(yi)(yi)次空氣由羅(luo)茨風機供應。實際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中使用(yong)一(yi)(yi)排燒(shao)嘴。連(lian)續裝窯(yao)(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao)(yao),全部自動化控制,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產能(neng)力(li)。

4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅燒(shao)工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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