大興安嶺合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏(liu)覽次(ci)數:34720目前我國生產大興安嶺合成鎂鈣砂所使用的(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)有(you)菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所采用的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、入(ru)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱鎂(mei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度下輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),生產出輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)、輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后(hou)進行配(pei)料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成(cheng)型,最后(hou)經過高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)出不同牌號的(de)(de)合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。具(ju)體的(de)(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有(you)半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭豎窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)球、高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)燃油豎窯(yao)和(he)(he)回轉窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法(fa)壓坯、隧道窯(yao)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝該(gai)煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半(ban)干法壓球(qiu)、焦炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝
該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)(gai)砂(sha)是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)為原料(liao)(liao)。將輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)分別磨成(cheng)細粉(fen),計量后按比例加(jia)入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再加(jia)水(shui)混(hun)合(he),混(hun)好的(de)合(he)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙輥壓球(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu),干燥后裝入(ru)以焦炭(tan)或(huo)(huo)無煙(yan)煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎(shu)窯(yao)內煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)方式是焦炭(tan)或(huo)(huo)無煙(yan)煤和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)分層裝入(ru)。我國遼寧省生(sheng)(sheng)產合(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣(gai)(gai)砂(sha)的(de)企業中(zhong),大部分采(cai)用該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)。所用豎(shu)窯(yao)的(de)規(gui)格一般為3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)簡單,產品成(cheng)本低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)和焦炭(tan)混(hun)在一起,焦炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)灰分有一部分混(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)中(zhong),增加(jia)了產品的(de)雜質(zhi)含(han)量。
3、干法壓球、燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)用于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)純度(du)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂。將(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)純度(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配(pei)(pei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合(he)磨細后(hou),直接(jie)將(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)(gan)粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)送入(ru)(ru)高(gao)壓壓球(qiu)機中干(gan)(gan)壓成(cheng)(cheng)球(qiu),然后(hou)再送入(ru)(ru)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)燃油豎(shu)窯(yao)內(nei)(nei)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)的優勢是燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)油噴入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)(nei),在料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)(nei)部燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)高(gao),可達到1800℃以上;燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰(hui)分,對(dui)物料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的純度(du)沒有影響。目前,國內(nei)(nei)采用該(gai)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂的企業,只有南方(fang)一(yi)家公司。該(gai)公司燃油豎(shu)窯(yao)的規格為(wei)φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的工(gong)作(zuo)襯用高(gao)純度(du)堿(jian)性耐(nai)火制品砌筑,厚度(du)為(wei)350mm。工(gong)作(zuo)襯于(yu)窯(yao)體(ti)鋼殼之間用輕質(zhi)保溫(wen)(wen)磚(zhuan)砌筑。以重柴油為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設(she)計(ji)(ji)4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下布置(zhi),間距900mm。每(mei)排設(she)計(ji)(ji)16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿圓周均布。采用無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每(mei)支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配(pei)(pei)一(yi)臺計(ji)(ji)量泵(beng)供(gong)油,一(yi)次空氣(qi)由羅茨(ci)風(feng)機供(gong)應。實(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中使(shi)用一(yi)排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連續(xu)裝(zhuang)窯(yao)和出窯(yao),全部自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能力。
4、干法(fa)壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅(duan)燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。