淮安合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34909目前我國生產淮安合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用的原料有菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。所采用的工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)為二步(bu)煅(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)合(he)成工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)在(zai)較低的溫度下輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao),生產出輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)、輕(qing)(qing)燒(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)和(he)生石(shi)(shi)灰。然后(hou)進行配料、磨(mo)細、混料、成型,最后(hou)經過高(gao)溫煅(duan)燒(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)出不同牌(pai)號的合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體的煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)有半干(gan)(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi);半干(gan)(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi);干(gan)(gan)法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)球、高(gao)溫燃(ran)油豎窯和(he)回(hui)轉窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。
1、半干(gan)法壓坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)煅燒工藝該(gai)煅燒工藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球、焦炭(tan)豎窯煅燒工藝
該煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)是以輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)磨成(cheng)細粉,計量后(hou)按比(bi)例加(jia)入輪碾機中(zhong)再(zai)加(jia)水混合(he)(he),混好的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)在雙輥壓球機上(shang)壓成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球,干燥后(hou)裝(zhuang)入以焦(jiao)炭或無煙煤為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)豎(shu)窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)方式(shi)是焦(jiao)炭或無煙煤和(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球分(fen)(fen)(fen)層裝(zhuang)入。我國遼寧(ning)省生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)(de)(de)企業中(zhong),大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)采用該煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)。所用豎(shu)窯的(de)(de)(de)規格一(yi)般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝(yi)簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)本低,但在煅燒(shao)(shao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)球和(he)焦(jiao)炭混在一(yi)起(qi),焦(jiao)炭燃燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)灰分(fen)(fen)(fen)有一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)混入到料(liao)(liao)(liao)球中(zhong),增加(jia)了產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)雜質含(han)量。
3、干法壓球(qiu)、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)高(gao)(gao)純(chun)(chun)度(du)合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)(sha)。將高(gao)(gao)純(chun)(chun)度(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)(mei)和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)配料(liao)、混合(he)磨細后,直接將干粉料(liao)送入高(gao)(gao)壓壓球機(ji)中干壓成球,然(ran)后再送入高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯內(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝的優勢是燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)油(you)噴入到(dao)料(liao)層內(nei),在料(liao)層內(nei)部(bu)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)(gao),可達到(dao)1800℃以(yi)上;燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后不產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)灰分,對(dui)物料(liao)的純(chun)(chun)度(du)沒有影響(xiang)。目前,國內(nei)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)成鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂(sha)(sha)的企(qi)業,只有南方一家(jia)公(gong)司。該公(gong)司燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯的規格(ge)為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯的工(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)純(chun)(chun)度(du)堿性耐火制品砌筑(zhu),厚度(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作襯于(yu)(yu)窯體(ti)鋼殼之間(jian)用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質保溫(wen)磚砌筑(zhu)。以(yi)重柴(chai)油(you)為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上下布(bu)(bu)置(zhi),間(jian)距(ju)900mm。每排(pai)設計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿(yan)圓周均(jun)布(bu)(bu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一臺(tai)計量(liang)泵(beng)供油(you),一次空(kong)氣由羅茨(ci)風機(ji)供應。實(shi)際生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)一排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續(xu)裝(zhuang)窯和出窯,全部(bu)自動化控制,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能力。
4、干法壓球、回轉窯煅燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。