無錫合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備
發布(bu)日(ri)期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:34905目前我國生產無錫合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的(de)原料(liao)有(you)菱(ling)鎂石(shi)、白云石(shi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)。所(suo)采用的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒、入工(gong)合成工(gong)藝(yi)。即(ji)先將菱(ling)鎂石(shi)、白云石(shi)和(he)(he)(he)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)石(shi)在(zai)較低的(de)溫(wen)度(du)下輕(qing)燒,生(sheng)產出輕(qing)燒氧化鎂、輕(qing)燒白云石(shi)和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)。然后進行配(pei)料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型(xing),最后經過高(gao)溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒,煅(duan)(duan)燒出不同牌號的(de)合成鎂鈣砂(sha)。具體(ti)的(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi)有(you)半(ban)干(gan)法壓(ya)坯(pi)、隧道窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi);半(ban)干(gan)法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi);干(gan)法壓(ya)球、高(gao)溫(wen)燃油(you)豎(shu)窯(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)回轉(zhuan)窯(yao)(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒工(gong)藝(yi)。
1、半干法壓(ya)坯、隧道窯煅燒工(gong)藝該煅燒工(gong)藝
生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。
2、半干法壓球、焦炭豎窯煅燒工藝
該(gai)煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂是以輕燒白云石和輕燒氧化鎂為原料(liao)(liao)。將輕燒白云石和輕燒氧化鎂分(fen)別磨成(cheng)細(xi)粉,計(ji)量(liang)后按比例加(jia)入(ru)(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再(zai)加(jia)水混合(he)(he),混好的合(he)(he)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙(shuang)輥壓(ya)球(qiu)(qiu)機上壓(ya)成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu),干燥后裝入(ru)(ru)以焦(jiao)(jiao)炭或(huo)無(wu)煙煤為燃料(liao)(liao)的豎(shu)窯內(nei)煅(duan)燒。裝料(liao)(liao)方式(shi)是焦(jiao)(jiao)炭或(huo)無(wu)煙煤和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)分(fen)層裝入(ru)(ru)。我國遼寧省生(sheng)產(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂的企業中(zhong),大部分(fen)采(cai)用該(gai)煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)。所用豎(shu)窯的規格一般為3m×16m。該(gai)煅(duan)燒工藝(yi)簡單,產(chan)品成(cheng)本低,但(dan)在煅(duan)燒過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)和焦(jiao)(jiao)炭混在一起,焦(jiao)(jiao)炭燃燒產(chan)生(sheng)的灰(hui)分(fen)有一部分(fen)混入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong),增加(jia)了產(chan)品的雜質含量(liang)。
3、干(gan)法壓球、燃油豎窯煅燒工藝(yi)
該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝用(yong)(yong)于(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂。將高(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化鎂(mei)(mei)和(he)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)配料(liao)(liao)(liao)、混合磨細后(hou),直接將干粉料(liao)(liao)(liao)送(song)入(ru)高(gao)壓(ya)壓(ya)球機中干壓(ya)成(cheng)球,然后(hou)再送(song)入(ru)高(gao)溫燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯內(nei)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種(zhong)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝的優(you)勢是燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)油(you)噴(pen)入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內(nei),在(zai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)部燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)高(gao),可達到(dao)1800℃以上(shang);燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產(chan)生(sheng)灰(hui)分,對物料(liao)(liao)(liao)的純(chun)度(du)(du)沒有影(ying)響。目前,國內(nei)采用(yong)(yong)該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝生(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣(gai)砂的企業,只(zhi)有南方(fang)一(yi)家(jia)公(gong)司(si)。該公(gong)司(si)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油(you)豎窯的規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯用(yong)(yong)高(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)堿性耐(nai)火制品砌筑(zhu),厚度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作襯于(yu)窯體鋼殼之間用(yong)(yong)輕(qing)質(zhi)保溫磚砌筑(zhu)。以重柴(chai)油(you)為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)(she)計4排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,上(shang)下(xia)布(bu)置,間距900mm。每排(pai)設(she)(she)計16支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,沿圓周均布(bu)。采用(yong)(yong)無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴,每支(zhi)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴配一(yi)臺計量泵供油(you),一(yi)次空氣由(you)羅(luo)茨風機供應(ying)。實際生(sheng)產(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)一(yi)排(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴。連(lian)續裝窯和(he)出(chu)窯,全部自動化控制,生(sheng)產(chan)能力(li)。
4、干(gan)法(fa)壓球、回轉窯煅(duan)燒工藝
目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。