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沙坪壩合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次(ci)數:38678

目前我國生產沙坪壩合成鎂鈣砂所使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)原料有菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)。所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為二步(bu)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。即先將菱(ling)鎂(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)溫度下輕燒(shao),生產出輕燒(shao)氧化(hua)鎂(mei)(mei)、輕燒(shao)白(bai)云石(shi)(shi)和(he)生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后進(jin)行配料、磨(mo)細、混料、成(cheng)型,最(zui)后經過(guo)高溫煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)出不同(tong)牌號的(de)合成(cheng)鎂(mei)(mei)鈣砂。具體的(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)有半干法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)坯、隧道窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);半干法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)球、焦(jiao)炭豎(shu)窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi);干法(fa)壓(ya)(ya)球、高溫燃油豎(shu)窯(yao)和(he)回轉窯(yao)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。

沙坪壩合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法壓坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)燒工藝該煅(duan)燒工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法壓(ya)球、焦炭豎窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝

該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)是以(yi)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)為(wei)原料(liao)(liao)。將(jiang)輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石和輕(qing)燒(shao)(shao)氧(yang)化(hua)鎂(mei)分別磨成(cheng)(cheng)細(xi)粉(fen),計量(liang)后(hou)按比例加入(ru)(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)再加水混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he),混(hun)(hun)好的(de)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在(zai)雙輥壓球(qiu)(qiu)機上壓成(cheng)(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu),干燥(zao)后(hou)裝入(ru)(ru)以(yi)焦炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤為(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎窯內煅燒(shao)(shao)。裝料(liao)(liao)方式是焦炭(tan)或無(wu)煙煤和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)分層裝入(ru)(ru)。我國(guo)遼寧(ning)省生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)企業中(zhong),大部(bu)分采(cai)用該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)。所用豎窯的(de)規格一般為(wei)3m×16m。該煅燒(shao)(shao)工藝(yi)(yi)簡單,產(chan)(chan)品成(cheng)(cheng)本低,但(dan)在(zai)煅燒(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)和焦炭(tan)混(hun)(hun)在(zai)一起,焦炭(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)灰分有一部(bu)分混(hun)(hun)入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)(qiu)中(zhong),增加了產(chan)(chan)品的(de)雜質含(han)量(liang)。

3、干法壓球、燃(ran)油豎(shu)窯(yao)煅燒工(gong)藝

該煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝用于生(sheng)產高(gao)(gao)純度(du)合(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)。將(jiang)高(gao)(gao)純度(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化(hua)鎂和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配料(liao)、混合(he)磨(mo)細后(hou),直(zhi)接將(jiang)干粉料(liao)送入(ru)(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓壓球機中(zhong)干壓成球,然后(hou)再送入(ru)(ru)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)內(nei)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝的(de)優勢是燃(ran)料(liao)油(you)噴入(ru)(ru)到料(liao)層(ceng)內(nei),在(zai)料(liao)層(ceng)內(nei)部(bu)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)(gao),可達到1800℃以(yi)上(shang);燃(ran)料(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生(sheng)灰分,對物料(liao)的(de)純度(du)沒有影(ying)響。目前(qian),國(guo)內(nei)采用該煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)藝生(sheng)產合(he)成鎂鈣砂(sha)的(de)企業,只有南方一(yi)家公司。該公司燃(ran)油(you)豎窯(yao)(yao)的(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)(yao)的(de)工(gong)作襯用高(gao)(gao)純度(du)堿性耐(nai)火(huo)制品砌筑,厚度(du)為350mm。工(gong)作襯于窯(yao)(yao)體鋼殼之間用輕質保溫(wen)磚砌筑。以(yi)重柴油(you)為燃(ran)料(liao),煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)>1800℃。設計(ji)(ji)4排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),上(shang)下布(bu)置,間距900mm。每排(pai)(pai)設計(ji)(ji)16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),沿圓周均布(bu)。采用無(wu)冷卻(que)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)配一(yi)臺計(ji)(ji)量泵(beng)供油(you),一(yi)次空氣由羅茨風機供應。實際生(sheng)產中(zhong)使(shi)用一(yi)排(pai)(pai)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)。連續裝(zhuang)窯(yao)(yao)和出窯(yao)(yao),全部(bu)自動化(hua)控制,生(sheng)產能力(li)。

4、干法壓(ya)球、回轉窯煅燒(shao)工藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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