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渝中合成鎂鈣砂的煅燒工藝和煅燒設備

發布日(ri)期:2022-01-21 瀏覽次數:38686

目前我國生產渝中合成鎂鈣砂所(suo)使用的(de)(de)原料(liao)有(you)菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。所(suo)采用的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝為二步煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)、入工(gong)(gong)合(he)成工(gong)(gong)藝。即(ji)先將(jiang)菱(ling)鎂石(shi)(shi)(shi)、白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)在較低的(de)(de)溫(wen)度下輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao),生(sheng)產出輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂、輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)。然后進行配料(liao)、磨細、混料(liao)、成型,最后經(jing)過高溫(wen)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)出不同(tong)牌號(hao)的(de)(de)合(he)成鎂鈣砂。具體的(de)(de)煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝有(you)半(ban)干法壓坯、隧道(dao)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝;半(ban)干法壓球、焦炭豎(shu)窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝;干法壓球、高溫(wen)燃油豎(shu)窯和(he)(he)回轉窯煅(duan)(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝。

渝中合成鎂鈣砂.jpg

1、半干法(fa)壓(ya)坯、隧道窯煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝該煅(duan)燒(shao)工藝

生產合成鎂鈣砂是以生石灰和輕燒氧化鎂為原料。首先將生石灰加水消化成消石灰,然后將消石灰與輕燒氧化鎂配料,經過攪拌混合,入筒磨機內共同磨細、均化,再將磨細的合成料在輪碾機內加水混合成半干料,在摩擦壓力機上壓成具有一定外形尺寸的磚坯,經過干燥,裝于隧道窯車上,推入隧道窯內高溫煅燒成合成鎂鈣砂熟料。我國某公司煅燒合成鎂鈣砂使用的隧道窯規格為104.5m×2.0m×1.2m,共52個車位,以熱發生爐煤氣為燃料,設12對套管式煤氣燒嘴,煅燒溫度1620~1650℃,年產量1.5萬t。以隧道窯作為煅燒設備煅燒溫度均勻,保溫時間長,物料達到充分燒結。因此,可獲得高致密度的合成耐火原料。

2、半干法(fa)壓球、焦炭(tan)豎(shu)窯(yao)煅燒工藝

該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝生(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂是(shi)以輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石(shi)和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂為(wei)(wei)(wei)原料(liao)(liao)。將輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云(yun)石(shi)和輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂分別磨成(cheng)細(xi)粉,計量(liang)后按(an)比(bi)例加入(ru)輪碾機中(zhong)(zhong)再加水混(hun)合,混(hun)好(hao)的(de)合成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)在雙輥(gun)壓球(qiu)機上(shang)壓成(cheng)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu),干(gan)燥后裝(zhuang)入(ru)以焦炭(tan)(tan)或(huo)無煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)豎(shu)窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)方(fang)式(shi)是(shi)焦炭(tan)(tan)或(huo)無煙(yan)(yan)煤(mei)(mei)和料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)分層裝(zhuang)入(ru)。我國遼(liao)寧省生(sheng)產(chan)合成(cheng)鎂鈣(gai)砂的(de)企業中(zhong)(zhong),大部分采用該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝。所(suo)用豎(shu)窯(yao)的(de)規格一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3m×16m。該煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工藝簡(jian)單(dan),產(chan)品(pin)成(cheng)本低,但在煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)過程中(zhong)(zhong)料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)和焦炭(tan)(tan)混(hun)在一(yi)起,焦炭(tan)(tan)燃燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)灰分有一(yi)部分混(hun)入(ru)到料(liao)(liao)球(qiu)中(zhong)(zhong),增加了產(chan)品(pin)的(de)雜質含(han)量(liang)。

3、干法壓球(qiu)、燃油豎窯煅燒工(gong)藝

該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)用于(yu)生產高(gao)(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)合(he)(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)。將高(gao)(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)氧化鎂(mei)和(he)輕燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)白云石配(pei)料(liao)(liao)、混合(he)(he)磨細后(hou),直接將干粉料(liao)(liao)送(song)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)壓(ya)(ya)球機中(zhong)干壓(ya)(ya)成球,然后(hou)再送(song)入(ru)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)燃(ran)油豎(shu)(shu)窯(yao)內煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。這種煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)優勢是燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)油噴入(ru)到(dao)料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內,在料(liao)(liao)層(ceng)內部(bu)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao),可(ke)達到(dao)1800℃以上;燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)不產生灰(hui)分,對物料(liao)(liao)的(de)純(chun)度(du)(du)沒有(you)影響。目前,國內采(cai)用該(gai)煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)生產合(he)(he)成鎂(mei)鈣砂(sha)的(de)企業,只有(you)南方一家公司。該(gai)公司燃(ran)油豎(shu)(shu)窯(yao)的(de)規格為φ1.75m×11.5m,窯(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯用高(gao)(gao)純(chun)度(du)(du)堿(jian)性耐火制品(pin)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu),厚(hou)度(du)(du)為350mm。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)襯于(yu)窯(yao)體鋼殼之間用輕質保溫(wen)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)。以重柴油為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao),煅(duan)燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)溫(wen)度(du)(du)>1800℃。設(she)計4排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),上下(xia)布置,間距900mm。每排設(she)計16支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),沿(yan)圓周(zhou)均布。采(cai)用無冷卻燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui),每支燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)配(pei)一臺計量(liang)泵供(gong)油,一次空氣由羅茨風機供(gong)應。實際(ji)生產中(zhong)使(shi)用一排燒(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)嘴(zui)(zui)。連(lian)續(xu)裝(zhuang)窯(yao)和(he)出窯(yao),全部(bu)自動化控制,生產能力。

4、干(gan)法壓球(qiu)、回轉窯(yao)煅燒工(gong)藝

目前,國內有部分企業采用高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂。其煅燒工藝為:將高純度輕燒氧化鎂和高純度輕燒白云石按比例配料后,經過攪拌昆合,磨成細粉,送入高壓壓球機中干壓成球,然后送入高溫回轉窯內煅燒。如某公司采用φ2.5m×60m超高溫回轉窯煅燒合成鎂鈣砂,以重油作燃料,采用機械霧化燒嘴,窯尾設煙氣換熱器,將一次空氣預熱到450~500℃,煅燒溫度>1850℃。煅燒CaO含量20%~30%合成鎂鈣砂,產量2~2.5t/h,油耗300kg/t。


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